Two Biggest Wallets Between Jakarta and Beijing (bi-lingual)
Cooperation with any country could be conducted so long as it brings benefits to the people of Indonesia
中国在新的海上风电装置方面遥遥领先于欧洲和世界其他地区。真正推动可再生能源的东西，让中国工业有了巨大的优势。
中国已成为低收入国家（大于世界银行、国际货币基金组织、亚洲开发银行、国际复兴开发银行）的最大官方债权人（3600亿美元），自2000年代中期以来，贷款大幅增加。世界银行的贷款额仅为3000亿美元。
只要能给印度尼西亚人民带来利益，就可以与任何国家进行合作。2000年至2017年期间，中国承诺向印尼提供超过349亿美元的财政援助，指定为官方发展援助（ODA）或其他官方资金流动（OOF）。对中国的主权债务敞口为49.5亿美元，他们称之为“隐性”公共债务的172.8亿美元，这些债务是由没有主权担保的国有企业或其他政府实体承担的。这意味着印尼对中国的债务中有78%不在政府的账簿上。
两天前，印度尼西亚和中国已同意为这个东南亚国家的第一个高速铁路项目超支12亿美元的预算。
该项目此前估计比中国第一个提案预算中写的具体数字高出20亿美元。这条143公里长的铁路线于2015年在总统佐科·维多多（Joko Widodo）担任总统的第二年启动，其价格已从60.7亿美元飙升至90多亿美元，完工日期现在定于2023年底，由于冠状病毒大流行，比计划晚了两年。至少在佐科威习近平（2022年11月16日）会面时，佐科威引用该项目的完成率达到了88.8%，根据印尼和中国国有公司建设铁路的财团，称为PT KCIC。
当然，除了高速列车之外，印度尼西亚的另一个巨额预算是新首都。外交部长雷特诺·马苏迪（Retno Marsudi）和日本外交部长Hayasi Yoshima将会面讨论双边合作，其中之一是关于印度尼西亚新首都IKN Nusantara的建设项目。中国也对IKN感兴趣。中国国家主席习近平和日本首相岸田文雄将在G20峰会旁独家会晤（走廊会谈），与佐科会面。岸田于2023年11月13日与佐科会面，习近平于2023年11月16日与佐科威会面。两次会议还提到了对IKN Nusantara的巨额投资。
中国人对IKN Nusantara的投资数量仍然没有确定的，至少中国已经有了存在。在计划资本附近建造一家中国支持的水泥厂：参与中国国有水泥公司红石控股集团的项目。
红石集团在印度尼西亚的活动可以追溯到2018年，当时它与PT Semen Imasco Asiatic Indonesia合作，在东爪哇的Jember投资了一家水泥厂，该项目的年产能为300万吨。目前，宏石集团在东加里曼丹的计划包括建设一个工厂，该工厂将雇用13，000名员工，每年能够生产800万吨水泥。
财政部长斯里·穆利亚尼（Sri Mulyani）表示，中国，日本，中东，欧洲和美国的投资者对向IKN建设注入资金非常感兴趣，他们强调了该项目的情景，特别是在支持国际投资者的政策方面。
据Sri Mulyani介绍，会议将提出新资本项目的长期计划，并依法为投资者提供财政激励措施。她补充说，日本投资者非常关注能源部门，尤其是可再生能源，这也与印度尼西亚和日本实现零碳排放的承诺有关。
努桑塔拉首都（IKN）管理局局长班邦·苏珊托诺（Bambang Susantono）于2023年2月6日（9天前）在众议院（DPR）监督金融委员会的听证会上表示：“我们收到了142封投资者的来信，表明他们对[新资本项目]的兴趣，直到昨天我们还收到了90封意向书， 国家发展规划和银行业。
苏珊托诺说，在90位最认真的投资者中，25位在基础设施和公用事业领域，15位在教育领域，14位在咨询服务领域，10位在住房领域。该机构还监督住房部门的公私合作 （PPP） 计划，该计划由 184 座塔楼组成，投资额为 41 万亿印尼盾（27 亿美元）。
IKN基础设施发展实施工作组运输实施事务负责人Atyanto Busono表示，2022-2024年在东加里曼丹建设IKN所需的预算达到43.7万亿印尼盾。IKN Nusantara水下收费公路所需的成本约为每公里4万亿印尼盾。该项目占地265，142公顷，估计耗资高达350亿至400亿美元（466万亿印尼盾-570万亿印尼盾）。
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China is far ahead of Europe and the rest of the world in new offshore wind installations. Really pushing the renewable energy stuff, so that Chinese industry has a massive advantage.
China also has become the largest official creditor (US$ 360 billion) to low-income countries (larger than the World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Asia Development Bank, International Bank for Reconstruction and Development), with a massive rise in lending since the mid-2000s. World Bank number lending only US$ 300 billion.
Cooperation with any country could be conducted so long as it brings benefits to the people of Indonesia. China committed more than $34.9 billion in financial aid to Indonesia between 2000 and 2017, designated as either official development assistance (ODA) or other official flows (OOF). US$4.95 billion of sovereign debt exposure to China and $17.28 billion in what they call “hidden” public debt, which has been incurred by state-owned companies or other government entities without sovereign guarantees. That means fully 78% of Indonesia’s debt to China is off the government’s books.
2 Days ago, Indonesia and China have agreed to a budget overrun to the tune of $1.2 billion for the first high-speed railway project in the Southeast Asian country.
The project was previously estimated to be $2 billion over a specific number written in the first proposal budget by China. Launched in 2015 in the second year of President Joko Widodo’s presidency, the price tag for the 143-kilometer rail link has ballooned from US$6.07 billion to more than $9 billion with a completion date now set for late 2023, two years behind schedule due to coronavirus pandemic. At least when Jokowi met Xi Jinping (November 16th, 2022), Jokowi cited that the completion of the project reached 88.8 percent, according to the consortium of Indonesian and Chinese state companies building the railway, known as PT KCIC.
Another gigantic budget in Indonesia beside high speed trains, of course, is the new capital city. Foreign Affairs Minister Retno Marsudi and her Japanese counterpart Hayasi Yoshima will meet to discuss bilateral cooperation, one of which is regarding the construction project of Indonesia’s new capital or IKN Nusantara. China is also interested in IKN. Both Chinese President Xi Jinping and Prime Minister of Japan Kishida Fumio to meet exclusively (corridor talk) beside the G20 Summit, to meet Jokowi. Kishida meet Jokowi in November 13, 2023, and Xi Jinping met Jokowi on November 16, 2023. Both meetings also mentioned gigantic investment in IKN Nusantara.
Still no definitive number of investments by Chinese in IKN Nusantara, at least China already has a presence. The construction of a China-backed cement plant in the vicinity of the planned capital: the involvement in the project of Hongshi Holdings Group, a state-owned cement company from China.
Hongshi Group’s activities in Indonesia date back to 2018, when it invested in a cement factory in Jember, East Java in collaboration with PT Semen Imasco Asiatic Indonesia, a project with an annual capacity of 3 million tons. Currently, Hongshi Group’s plans in East Kalimantan involve the construction of a plant that will employ 13,000 people and be capable of producing 8 million tons of cement per year.
China at least contributes to 3 gigantic new cities. First, in Malaysia. $100 billion megacity spearheaded by a Chinese developer off the country's coast near Singapore, the integrated Forest City, comprising four reclaimed islands in the Malaysian state of Johor. Built off the southern tip of Johor, Forest City totals 1,740 hectares -- about three times the size of Singapore's Sentosa resort island. A mixed development that includes residential, leisure, commercial and industrial spaces, plans are for Forest City to also include its own customs and immigration checkpoint enabling its residents to easily travel to Singapore.
Two, in Egypt. Egypt new capital city moved a step closer to reality with the announcement that Chinese developers will largely fund the megaproject.The China Fortune Land Development Company (CFLD) agreed to provide $20 billion for the currently unnamed city, after a meeting between heads of the firm and Egyptian President Abdel Fattah El Sisi. This follows a previous commitment of $15 billion from another Chinese state-owned company, bringing the project close to its $45 billion budget requirements for phase I.
Third, in Oman. Oman intends to change this by building an entirely new, $10.7 billion transit-oriented industrial city on the desertified coast of the Arabian Sea, 550 kilometers south of Muscat. The 11-square-kilometer endeavor, which sits within the giant Duqm Special Economic Zone (SEZAD), is expected to have not only a vibrant port but an array of other “mega-ventures,” which include an oil refinery, a multi-billion dollar methanol plant, a giant solar energy equipment manufacturing operation, an automobile assembly factory, an oil and gas equipment production site, and a $100+ million building material distribution enterprise.
In addition to being a cluster of industrial operations, the Sino-Oman Industrial City will also have a more human element as well, providing homes for 25,000 people, complete with schools, medical facilities, office complexes, and entertainment centers — which includes a $200 million 5-star tourism zone. The Chinese consortium has promised to develop 30% of the project area in just five years, with financing and construction firms coming straight from the mainland.
Oman has a rare dream, not like Qatar (host World Cup 2022) and Saud or another Middle East countries: Oman will host the Middle East’s first spaceport. The project will be located in the port town of Duqm, dubbed the Etlaq Space Launch Complex. Due to its equatorial positioning, authorities believe the site to make an ideal spot for launches, as the rocket can take advantage of the Earth’s rotational speeds. “Internationally verified studies have identified that Wilayat Al-Duqm’s equatorial positioning places it in the top 10 most efficient rocket launch latitudes in the world.
Chinese firms are currently busy at work constructing along the land and sea routes of the Belt and Road — another entry into a portfolio that now includes Colombo Financial City and Hambantota in Sri Lanka, Forest City Malaysia, a massive port and SEZ project in Abu Dhabi, the $10 billion Kyauk Pyu Special Economic Zone in Myanmar, Egypt New Capital City, Duqm Oman, and eyeing IKN Nusantara new capital city of Indonesia.
Back to Indonesia. Finance Minister Sri Mulyani said Chinese, Japanese, Middle East, European, and American investors were highly interested in injecting their capital into the IKN construction and that they have highlighted the project’s scenario, especially regarding supporting policies for international investors.
According to Sri Mulyani, the meeting will present the long-term plans for the new capital project in accordance with the law and fiscal incentives for investors. Japanese investors, she added, paid a lot of attention to the energy sector, especially renewable energy which was also related to Indonesia and Japan's commitment to achieving zero carbon emissions.
“We have received 142 letters from investors showing their interest [in the new capital project] and we have also received 90 letters of intent until yesterday,” Head of Nusantara Capital City (IKN) Authority, Bambang Susantono, said on February 6, 2023 (9 days ago), during a hearing with the House of Representatives (DPR) Commission XI overseeing finance, national development planning and banking.
Susantono said from the 90 most serious investors, 25 of them were in infrastructure and utilities, 15 in education, 14 in consultancy service and 10 in housing. The authority also oversees the Public Private Partnership (PPP) scheme in the housing sector, which consists of 184 towers with IDR 41 trillion (US$ 2.7 billion) in investment.
Transportation Implementation Affairs Head of the IKN Infrastructure Development Implementation Task Force, Atyanto Busono, said that the required budget for the construction of IKN in East Kalimantan from 2022-2024 reached Rp43.7 trillion. The required cost of the underwater toll road in IKN Nusantara is around Rp4 trillion per km. The project, which spans 265,142 hectares, is estimated to cost a whopping US$ 35-40 billion (Rp466 Trillion - Rp570 Trillion).
In other developments, the PUPR Ministry has been greenlighted by the Finance Ministry to receive an additional budget of Rp6 trillion next year. The additional budget is not part the IKN construction budget.
“So, in 2023, an additional budget of Rp26 trillion is approved with Rp20 trillion for IKN and Rp6 trillion for dams and housing,” Public Works and Public Housing (PUPR) Minister Basuki Hadimuljono stated.
Previously, Basuki said that, with the 2023 budget ceiling, his agency would only be capable of completing three dams, namely Cipanas Dam, Karian Dam, and Sepaku Semoi Dam. Moreover, to pursue the 2023 target, 13 dams must be completed.
Previously, the Water Resources Directorate General was set to receive an indicative budget ceiling allocation of Rp35.8 trillion in 2023. From the amount, Rp9.32 trillion is allocated to construct dams. The target is to continue the construction of 24 dams and complete 3 dams.
Since 2022, the Ministry of Public Works and Housing has signed 30 contracts mostly with state-owned infrastructure companies to do infrastructure, government offices and housing construction projects worth IDR 24 trillion. The ministry targets to build a total 47 apartment towers in IKN in 2023, with a total budget of IDR 9.4 trillion to house 16,900 civil servants, soldiers and policemen by October 2024.
Susantono said the IKN development would be financed by state budget of 20% while the remaining 80% would be from private investors. The private investors financing will be in PPP scheme, leasing and creative financing such as carbon trading, philanthropist fund, CSR and blended financing.
“We blend all financing sources to build facilities that can be developed by private financing,” he said.
The IKN Authority has divided 9 economic generators that will be developed gradually starting from the first generator, which is the national government centers. “For the central area for government offices, we will provide all basic infrastructure. Whereas the other areas are open for investors,” he added.
The 2024 investment priority will be divided into 3 zones with the main priorities are the development of presidential palace, 4 offices of coordinating ministry, ministries that directly support the president and supporting ecosystem.
The authority also decided to prioritize the development of supporting ecosystem as economic generators around the central government area. This includes the development of public infrastructures and facilities such as international standard health facilities, integrated education facilities, offices and services areas, mixed use areas, commercial and trading zones such as shopping centers and residential facilities.
“In 2024, we expect to see the capital city has the ecosystem. It means the facilities for those who move to Nusantara and want to do other activities apart from government administration will be available,” Susantono said.